刘晓鹰教授“扶中”外治法治疗儿科疾病临床经验浅析

小儿"脾常不足",脾胃之体成而未全,脾胃之气全而未壮,脾胃不足在儿科疾病发生发展、病机转归中占有相当重要的地位。刘晓鹰教授在继承全国名老中医倪珠英学术思想基础上,提出"扶中"外治法,立法取穴方面强调时时顾护小儿中焦脾胃,采用小儿推拿、扶阳罐(含温推、温灸和温刮痧)、针刺(含腹针、揿针)等外治手段治疗儿科脾、肺、肾等系列疾病,取得满意疗效。     

基于中医传承辅助平台分析高血压病阴阳两虚证的用药规律

目的分析治疗高血压病阴阳两虚证的方药特征信息,探索组方用药规律,挖掘有效的药物组合及新处方。方法检索相关数据库并查阅资料,收集关于高血压病阴阳两虚证的文献和医案,筛选治疗该病证的方剂。基于中医传承辅助平台(V 2. 5)建立方药特征数据库,并通过关联规则分析法、改进互信息法、熵层次聚类等方法,对处方用药进行数据分析。结果筛选出关于高血压病阴阳两虚证的组方179首,中药190味,使用频次最高的三味中药为熟地黄、茯苓、山药,并获得核心药物组合24个,新处方12个。结论通过此研究,明确了本病的用药规律,得出滋阴助阳、补益肾气为治疗高血压病阴阳两虚证的主要方法,对本病的临床治疗及组方用药具有重要价值。     

抑木扶土法治疗视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿的理论及临床探讨

[目的]探讨抑木扶土法治疗视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿(macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion,RVO-ME)的理论依据及临床疗效。[方法]根据RVO-ME病程迁延、反复发作的特点,通过"土虚木乘""木旺乘土"两个方面,阐述抑木扶土法治疗RVO-ME的理论依据,并阐明抑木扶土方——逍络方的组方意义,举病案佐证。[结果]RVO-ME与肝郁、脾虚有关,临床应用逍络方抑木扶土、活血化瘀治疗效果明显;通过案例证明逍络方能够减轻RVO-ME患者黄斑水肿,提高最佳矫正视力,且长期疗效良好。[结论]抑木扶土法治疗RVO-ME疗效明显,临床应用前景良好,为RVO-ME的治疗提供了新方法。     

虞坚尔教授辨治小儿重度胆汁淤积性黄疸经验*

虞坚尔教授应用中医药治疗小儿疾病积累了丰富的临床经验。在小儿难治性疾病中，特别是重度胆汁淤积性黄疸，虞教授提倡中西医结合，西医治标，中医治本，标本兼顾，各取所长。在中医治疗方面，虞教授专注于“利胆退黄、调脾疏肝、活血祛瘀、扶正固本”四个方面，辨病与辨证相结合，扶正与祛邪并举，正气复而黄自去。     

An ethical rationale for perinatal palliative care

Perinatal palliative care has grown out of both an historical necessity in attending to babies in the NICU that face difficult odds of survival, the increasing technology that may avail life-extending, yet technology-dependent, care, and the growth of fetal diagnostic and treatment centers. This review looks ta the history and ethical rationale for making available services from Pediatric and Perinatal Palliative Care to families in the prenatal and postnatal periods caring for a loved one with life-limiting circumstances.     

Ion transfer reactions in media of low ionic strength

Facilitated ion transfer (FIT) and simple ion transfer (IT) reactions at the water|1,2-dichloroethane (W|DCE) interface with media of low ionic strength are investigated by employing micro- and nano-pipettes. The model systems chosen for the FIT and IT are K⁺ transfer facilitated by dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6) and tetramethylammonium (TMA⁺), respectively. For the FIT reaction at micro- and submicro-liquid|liquid interfaces, when the supporting electrolyte concentrations in the organic phase are at micromolar levels, its voltammetric waves are analyzed by the theory for one-electron oxidation of uncharged species in organic solution with little added supporting electrolyte on solid ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs) proposed by Oldham [K.B. Oldham, J. Electroanal. Chem. 250 (1988) 1]. Its chronoamperograms are strongly affected by the externally applied potentials, which is consistent with the theory proposed by Stojek and co-workers [A. Jaworski, M. Donten, Z. Stojek, Anal. Chim. Acta 305 (1995) 106, A. Jaworski, M. Donten, Z. Stojek, J. Electroanal. Chem. 407 (1996) 75, W. Hyk, M. Palys, Z. Stojek, J. Electroanal. Chem. 415 (1996) 13, W. Hyk, Z. Stojek, J. Electroanal. Chem. 422 (1997) 179] for reactions at solid UMEs with different concentrations of supporting electrolyte. In addition, the FIT reaction can exhibit well-defined steady-state waves at the nano-liquid|liquid interface when no supporting electrolyte is added to the organic phase. For the TMA⁺ transfer reaction from the aqueous phase to DCE (or from DCE to the aqueous phase), the magnitude of its steady-state limiting current depends on the concentration of supporting electrolyte in the same phase, and the shape and position of its transfer waves are influenced by the supporting electrolyte concentrations in the adjacent phase. We can observe clearly the migration effect on the transfer reaction of charged species.     

对胆管支撑引流管价值的再认识

以往,胆管切开后放置支撑引流管在肝胆外科手术中是一种共识.然而,随着胆道生理研究与外科技术的发展,特别是快速康复医学理念的兴起,胆管支撑引流管带来的负面效应逐渐得到人们的重视.胆管切开后是否应该放置支撑引流管目前仍无确切定论.     

Managing Paratonia in Persons With Dementia: Short-term Effects of Supporting Cushions and Harmonic Techniques

ObjectivesParatonia, a form of hypertonia typically seen in dementia, is often associated with difficulties in positioning and daily care. No evidence-based therapy or clinical guideline for management is available. In this study, the short-term effect of harmonic techniques (HT) and supporting cushions (SC) on paratonia was explored.DesignThis was a multicenter interventional clinical trial with AB/BA crossover design. Each intervention (SC or HT) was subsequently implemented over 1 week in each of the participants.Setting and participantsThe study included 22 participants with moderate to severe paratonia from 9 different nursing homes in Flanders, Belgium.MethodsMeasurements of biceps brachii and rectus femoris muscle tone (MyotonPRO), maximal elbow and knee extension (goniometer), and pain (Pain Assessment Checklist for Seniors With Limited Ability to Communicate) were performed on 3 different days within 1 week. The effect of HT on nursing care was evaluated with the Pain Assessment Checklist for Seniors With Limited Ability to Communicate and visual analog scale ratings of discomfort items.ResultsAfter 30 minutes of positioning with SC, participants had lower biceps brachii muscle tone (P = .041) and higher maximal elbow extension (P = .006) than without SC. After a 30-minute session of HT, a significant increase in biceps brachii muscle tone (P = .032) and maximal extension of elbow (P < .001) and knee (P = .028) was found. Pain (P = .003) and discomfort (P = .001 to P = .019) during morning care were significantly lower when care was preceded by 30 minutes of HT.Conclusions/ImplicationsThis explorative study revealed beneficial short-term effects on range of motion for both SC and HT and a positive effect of SC on upper limb muscle tone. Beneficial effects of HT were found on resident's pain and caregiver's discomfort during care. The results of the present study are encouraging and can contribute to the development of evidence-based interventions for paratonia.     

不同方案治疗小切口白内障术后角膜2～3级水肿的效果观察

目的：探讨小切口白内障术后角膜2~3级水肿的临床治疗效果。方法选取2009年6月~2014年2月在本院进行白内障摘除术后角膜2~3级水肿的340例患者400眼,随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组采用10 ml 10%氯化钠溶液+5 mg地塞米松(1 ml)+维生素C 500 mg 1支,雾化喷眼,并用10%氯化钠溶液加入氯霉素滴眼液空瓶中滴眼(4次/d)+妥布霉素地塞米松滴眼液滴眼(1滴/30 min),每晚四环素可的松眼膏睡前涂眼。对照组予妥布霉素地塞米松滴眼液滴眼,1滴/30 min,每晚四环素可的松眼膏睡前涂眼。两组患者角膜水肿转为1级后出院门诊随诊观察。结果观察组2级角膜水肿患者术后第3天好转率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=42.63,P=0.0000),术后第7天治愈率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=98.05,P=0.0000);观察组3级角膜水肿患者术后第3天及术后第7天好转率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=37.62、8.95,P=0.0000)。结论观察组采用的治疗小切口白内障术后角膜2~3级水肿的药物较为普通,临床治疗效果显著,治疗方案值得在白内障扶贫复明活动中推广。     

赵玉庸教授治疗无症状IgA肾病临床经验研究

无症状IgA肾病患者临床多见,西医无特殊办法,中医治疗有一定优势,赵玉庸教授根据多年临床经验,认为IgA肾病主要病机为脾肾亏虚,瘀血阻络,采用病证结合方法辨证治疗,包括结合IgA肾病临床特点治疗、结合IgA肾病病理改变治疗、基础方结合实验室检查加减治疗等方面,疗效较好,故进行总结研究,为临床治疗此类患者提供一些思路和方法。